ia32-libsYa no es necesario el paquete (desde 12.04 para ser exactos), si usa el sistema APT, no tiene nada de qué preocuparse por instalar paquetes de 32 bits en un sistema de 64 bits. Esto sucedió desde la introducción de multiarch , una de las políticas más cambiantes de Debian en la forma en que Debian maneja sus dependencias. Este método permite tener diferentes objetivos binarios en el mismo sistema sin tener en cuenta la arquitectura del núcleo. Esto no significa que pueda ejecutar cualquier paquete de 32 bits sin preparación, pero si instala las bibliotecas / binarios, cualquier aplicación en teoría debería poder ejecutarse. Esto es cierto de 64 bits a 32 bits y viceversa.
Para utilizar dicho método se recomienda utilizar los administradores APT, para evitar dependencias insatisfechas. El registro de cambios incluye un pequeño historial sobre cómo se realizaron los cambios:
- En concreto, el paquete se vació y se hizo un paquete de transición . Se agregaron varias dependencias contra paquetes que no se han movido a multiarch.
- Lento pero seguro, todos los paquetes se reconstruyeron con soporte multiarch y las dependencias inversas se eliminaron o cambiaron a ia32-lib-multiarch. Cuando estos paquetes dejan de necesitar los paquetes ia34-libs, las dependencias se descartan al mismo tiempo. Las dependencias fueron cambiados de
ia32-libsa package:archser packageel nombre de la biblioteca sea necesario y archla arquitectura (por debajo hay un ejemplo con Skype).
- Con el último lanzamiento, el
ia32-libs-multiarchpaquete se eliminó de los lanzamientos previos y ia32-libsno se publicó en saucy. Todos los paquetes de Ubuntu tienen capacidad para múltiples canales y puede instalar diferentes paquetes de arquitectura en su sistema.
Ahora, al instalar un paquete que necesita binarios de 32 bits, si no presta atención, nunca sabrá que está utilizando un paquete de 32 bits, ya que el administrador de paquetes extraerá automáticamente las dependencias necesarias:
sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends -q -y install skype
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following extra packages will be installed:
libaudio2:i386 libjbig0:i386 liblcms1:i386 libmng1:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386
libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-xml:i386
libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtiff5:i386
libxss1:i386 libxv1:i386 skype-bin:i386
Suggested packages:
nas:i386 liblcms-utils:i386 libqt4-declarative-folderlistmodel:i386 libqt4-declarative-gestures:i386
libqt4-declarative-particles:i386 libqt4-declarative-shaders:i386 qt4-qmlviewer:i386 libqt4-dev:i386
libthai0:i386 libicu48:i386 qt4-qtconfig:i386
Recommended packages:
libqt4-sql-mysql:i386 libqt4-sql-odbc:i386 libqt4-sql-psql:i386 libqt4-sql-sqlite:i386 libcups2:i386
sni-qt:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libaudio2:i386 libjbig0:i386 liblcms1:i386 libmng1:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386
libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-xml:i386
libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libqtwebkit4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtiff5:i386
libxss1:i386 libxv1:i386 skype skype-bin:i386
0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 33.9 MB/38.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 118 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package libssl1.0.0:i386.
(Reading database ... 208485 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libssl1.0.0:i386 (from .../libssl1.0.0_1.0.1c-4ubuntu8.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaudio2:i386.
Unpacking libaudio2:i386 (from .../libaudio2_1.9.3-5ubuntu0.13.04.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liblcms1:i386.
Unpacking liblcms1:i386 (from .../liblcms1_1.19.dfsg-1.2ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmng1:i386.
Unpacking libmng1:i386 (from .../libmng1_1.0.10-3build1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtcore4:i386.
Unpacking libqtcore4:i386 (from .../libqtcore4_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-xml:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-xml:i386 (from .../libqt4-xml_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-dbus:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-dbus:i386 (from .../libqt4-dbus_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-network:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-network:i386 (from .../libqt4-network_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-script:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-script:i386 (from .../libqt4-script_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-sql:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-sql:i386 (from .../libqt4-sql_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 (from .../libqt4-xmlpatterns_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libjbig0:i386.
Unpacking libjbig0:i386 (from .../libjbig0_2.0-2ubuntu1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtiff5:i386.
Unpacking libtiff5:i386 (from .../libtiff5_4.0.2-4ubuntu2.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtgui4:i386.
Unpacking libqtgui4:i386 (from .../libqtgui4_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-declarative:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-declarative:i386 (from .../libqt4-declarative_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqt4-opengl:i386.
Unpacking libqt4-opengl:i386 (from .../libqt4-opengl_4%3a4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libqtwebkit4:i386.
Unpacking libqtwebkit4:i386 (from .../libqtwebkit4_2.3.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxss1:i386.
Unpacking libxss1:i386 (from .../libxss1_1%3a1.2.2-1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libxv1:i386.
Unpacking libxv1:i386 (from .../libxv1_2%3a1.0.7-1ubuntu0.13.04.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package skype-bin.
Unpacking skype-bin (from .../skype-bin_4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package skype.
Unpacking skype (from .../skype_4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ...
Setting up libssl1.0.0:i386 (1.0.1c-4ubuntu8.1) ...
Setting up libaudio2:i386 (1.9.3-5ubuntu0.13.04.1) ...
Setting up liblcms1:i386 (1.19.dfsg-1.2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libmng1:i386 (1.0.10-3build1) ...
Setting up libqtcore4:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-xml:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-dbus:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-network:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-script:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-sql:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libjbig0:i386 (2.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libtiff5:i386 (4.0.2-4ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up libxss1:i386 (1:1.2.2-1) ...
Setting up libxv1:i386 (2:1.0.7-1ubuntu0.13.04.1) ...
Setting up libqtgui4:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-declarative:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqt4-opengl:i386 (4:4.8.4+dfsg-0ubuntu9.4) ...
Setting up libqtwebkit4:i386 (2.3.0-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up skype-bin (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Setting up skype (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Tenga en cuenta que skype es un paquete i386. Si uso apt-get para instalarlo, me ahorraré dolores de cabeza más tarde.
Pero algunas personas prefieren usar .debpaquetes y luego prepararse porque puede ser un poco complicado. Debe instalar manualmente todas las dependencias de antemano para que su sistema no termine con dependencias insatisfechas. Un comando que ayudará es dpkg-deb -Iporque muestra la información del paquete:
dpkg-deb -I zynaddsubfx-dssi_2.4.3-3_amd64.deb
new debian package, version 2.0.
size 266936 bytes: control archive=845 bytes.
917 bytes, 19 lines control
232 bytes, 3 lines md5sums
Package: zynaddsubfx-dssi
Source: zynaddsubfx
Version: 2.4.3-3
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <pkg-multimedia-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Installed-Size: 633
Depends: libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.5~dfsg-14) | libjack-0.116, libmxml1, libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
[...]
Como puede ver, enumera las dependencias, por lo que solo tiene que sudo apt-get installhacerlas y luego sudo dpkg -i. Nuevamente, prefiera instalar software desde los repositorios en lugar de descargarlos e instalarlo manualmente con dpkg -i.
Ahora, si el suyo es desarrollo, puede instalar cualquier biblioteca usando la apt-getsintaxis. Simplemente agregue :i386a la biblioteca que desea descargar y listo. No es necesario hacer esto manualmente si instala el software desde los repositorios.
En pocas palabras: no, puede ejecutar paquetes de 32 bits sin instalar ia32-libs, si instala los paquetes desde los repositorios, incluso mejor. Si está en desarrollo, intente utilizar siempre el sistema APT.