¿Cómo solucionar problemas de "Error de conexión segura" en Firefox que aparece desde la versión 38?
Uso openssl s_client
. Es una navaja suiza para cosas como esta. Y usar openssl x509
para volcar certificados.
Usualmente estás interesado en los {Issuer, Subject}
pares de la cadena como este:
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
Observe cómo el emisor en el servidor se convierte en el sujeto para el próximo certificado superior. Gutmann proporciona el siguiente diagrama para describirlo en su libro Engineering Security :
En la parte superior, la raíz de CA está auto firmada, y el problema y el tema son los mismos. Si hubiera un nivel 3, sería:
3 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
Pero generalmente no lo ves en una cadena porque debes confiar en él. Y parte de los requisitos para el ancla de confianza es que ya lo tiene para asegurarse de que no sea manipulado.
El uso de nombres de sujeto y emisor es utilizar lo que se denomina nombres distinguidos . La otra forma de formar una cadena es con KEYIDs
. A veces lo verá a través del Identificador de clave de sujeto (SKI) y el Identificador de clave de autoridad (AKI). Los identificadores de clave son solo huellas digitales de una clave pública digerida.
Puede encontrar lecturas sobre nombres distinguidos en estándares como RFC 4514 ; y el uso de KEYID en estándares como RFC 4518 , que se ocupa de la construcción de rutas.
Parece que el problema es con el navegador (pero ver más abajo). Parece que le falta la Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
huella digital a1 db 63 93 91 6f 17 e4 18 55 09 40 04 15 c7 02 40 b0 ae 6b
.
Cuando visito los certificados raíz de Symantec y descargo la autoridad de certificación primaria pública de Clase 3 , puedo crear una ruta para la validación (observe lo Verify return code: 0 (ok)
siguiente)
Debe descargar e instalar Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
en la tienda raíz de confianza de su navegador. O determine por qué el navegador no lo está utilizando para construir la ruta (ver a continuación).
Mozilla y Firefox hablan Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
en una publicación de blog: Eliminación de certificados con claves RSA de 1024 bits . Según la publicación, han dejado de usar ese certificado de CA desde Firefox 32. Realmente no los culpo, ya que estas claves se usan a largo plazo para las operaciones de firma de CA y necesitan parámetros "más fuertes" porque tienen que vivir de 10 a 30 años. (literalmente).
Checkpoint necesita obtener un nuevo certificado de servidor emitido bajo un certificado (cadena) con parámetros contemporáneos, como una CA con un módulo RSA de 4096 bits y SHA-256. O una CA subordinada con un módulo RSA de 2048 bits y SHA-256 ...
(También vea lo que no funcionó para mí a continuación).
Aquí hay un ejemplo de validación del certificado del servidor con la Autoridad de certificación primaria pública de clase 3 utilizando OpenSSL s_client
:
$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
-servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -CAfile Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority.pem
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=3 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
verify return:1
depth=2 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = "(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN = VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = San Carlos, O = Check Point Software Technologies Inc., OU = MIS-US, CN = usercenter.checkpoint.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 4310 bytes and written 600 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES128-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : AES128-SHA
Session-ID: 141BB5DD85FA61CC85E5C8368DED9EB9C7C6427D7F655F8DD778EEB003F9EBE7
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 84261799D242992FE44D48F39F1A10CFCE5BE60E1A900CC3E6BFFD368DAB68A439287C81DC9510871963EF8E3366FFE3
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
Start Time: 1432323605
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
Anteriormente dije "En la parte superior, la raíz de CA está auto firmada, y el problema y el tema son los mismos" . Aquí hay un volcado de esa raíz CA autofirmada, donde el Asunto y el Emisor son iguales. También muestra los módulos de 1024 bits y sha1WithRSAEncryption.
$ openssl x509 -in Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority.pem -inform PEM -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 1 (0x0)
Serial Number:
3c:91:31:cb:1f:f6:d0:1b:0e:9a:b8:d0:44:bf:12:be
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
Validity
Not Before: Jan 29 00:00:00 1996 GMT
Not After : Aug 2 23:59:59 2028 GMT
Subject: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
Public-Key: (1024 bit)
Modulus:
00:c9:5c:59:9e:f2:1b:8a:01:14:b4:10:df:04:40:
db:e3:57:af:6a:45:40:8f:84:0c:0b:d1:33:d9:d9:
11:cf:ee:02:58:1f:25:f7:2a:a8:44:05:aa:ec:03:
1f:78:7f:9e:93:b9:9a:00:aa:23:7d:d6:ac:85:a2:
63:45:c7:72:27:cc:f4:4c:c6:75:71:d2:39:ef:4f:
42:f0:75:df:0a:90:c6:8e:20:6f:98:0f:f8:ac:23:
5f:70:29:36:a4:c9:86:e7:b1:9a:20:cb:53:a5:85:
e7:3d:be:7d:9a:fe:24:45:33:dc:76:15:ed:0f:a2:
71:64:4c:65:2e:81:68:45:a7
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
10:72:52:a9:05:14:19:32:08:41:f0:c5:6b:0a:cc:7e:0f:21:
19:cd:e4:67:dc:5f:a9:1b:e6:ca:e8:73:9d:22:d8:98:6e:73:
03:61:91:c5:7c:b0:45:40:6e:44:9d:8d:b0:b1:96:74:61:2d:
0d:a9:45:d2:a4:92:2a:d6:9a:75:97:6e:3f:53:fd:45:99:60:
1d:a8:2b:4c:f9:5e:a7:09:d8:75:30:d7:d2:65:60:3d:67:d6:
48:55:75:69:3f:91:f5:48:0b:47:69:22:69:82:96:be:c9:c8:
38:86:4a:7a:2c:73:19:48:69:4e:6b:7c:65:bf:0f:fc:70:ce:
88:90
Anteriormente dije "Checkpoint necesita obtener un nuevo certificado de servidor emitido bajo un certificado (cadena) con parámetros contemporáneos, como una CA con un módulo RSA de 4096 bits y SHA-256. O una CA subordinada con un módulo RSA de 2048 bits y SHA-256 ... " .
Esto es lo que no funcionó para mí: enraizar o anclar la confianza en la CA subordinada más fuerte VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
, y no en la CA raíz de 1024 bits más débil.
EDITAR : esto se debe a un error en OpenSSL 1.0.2ay debajo. Fue corregido en OpenSSL 1.0.2b. Consulte ¿ Comportamiento esperado para la verificación cuando un subordinado en una cadena es promovido a una raíz autofirmada?
$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
-servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -CAfile VeriSign-Class-3-Public-Primary-Certification-Authority-G5.pem
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=2 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = "(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 4310 bytes and written 600 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES128-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : AES128-SHA
Session-ID: 736B3105DB22F2AB0F5D42C8161A8A132BF1E7C37464BB2F0D00058B867332EB
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: BDD5D4951E3FD01C3C456D475EAE6D0D5CE53FBF75B4F6F3D4D186A27B566D75056057D5395F35AE3BA8D20A669212C2
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
Start Time: 1432324811
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 20 (unable to get local issuer certificate)
---
El problema práctico es que Symantec vuelve a emitir un certificado con el mismo nombre y la misma clave pública, por lo que el nombre distinguido , el identificador de clave de sujeto y el identificador de clave de autoridad no cambiaron; pero solo cambiando el número de serie .
Pude detectarlo a continuación debido a los diferentes números de serie entre el certificado enviado en la cadena y el descargado del sitio de Symantec. Luego se hizo evidente que el certificado reemitido se cambió de una CA subordinada a una CA raíz.
Puede usar -showcerts
con OpenSSL s_client
para ver los certificados en la cadena:
$ openssl s_client -connect usercenter.checkpoint.com:443 -tls1 \
-servername usercenter.checkpoint.com -showcerts
CONNECTED(00000003)
...
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=San Carlos/O=Check Point Software Technologies Inc./OU=MIS-US/CN=usercenter.checkpoint.com
issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
---
...
Lo que normalmente hago a continuación es copiar un certificado codificado PEM en la cadena a un portapapeles, y luego usarlo pbpaste
para pegarlo en un terminal y conectarlo a OpenSSL x509
. Por ejemplo, aquí se VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5
envía el Nivel 2 como parte de la cadena:
$ pbpaste | openssl x509 -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
25:0c:e8:e0:30:61:2e:9f:2b:89:f7:05:4d:7c:f8:fd
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=VeriSign, Inc., OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority
...