He configurado fail2ban para monitorear un cierto patrón de tráfico malicioso que obtengo y prohibir las direcciones IP asociadas.
Todo parece estar funcionando bien: la expresión regular coincide con el patrón de manera adecuada y la dirección IP problemática se agrega a iptables.
Sin embargo, cuando reviso los registros de Apache todavía recibo visitas de la dirección IP que está siendo prohibida. Es como si iptables no se estuviera ejecutando en absoluto.
Permítanme compartir algunos detalles solo para confirmar que todo está configurado correctamente.
Primero, borraré y volveré a cargar las reglas de iptables:
$ sudo iptables -F
$ cat /etc/iptables.firewall.rules
*filter
# Allow all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT
# Accept all established inbound connections
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# Allow all outbound traffic - you can modify this to only allow certain traffic
-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT
# Allow HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites and SSL).
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
# Allow SSH connections
#
# The -dport number should be the same port number you set in sshd_config
#
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# Allow ping
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
# Log iptables denied calls
-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7
# Drop all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy
-A INPUT -j DROP
-A FORWARD -j DROP
COMMIT
$ sudo iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.firewall.rules
$ sudo iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
14 1432 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
1 60 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 5/min burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix "iptables denied: "
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
11 1638 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Ahora, así es como se ve la configuración de fail2ban:
$ cat /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-xmlrpc.conf
[Definition]
failregex = .*:80 <HOST> .*POST .*xmlrpc\.php.*
ignoreregex =
$ cat /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
[apache-xmlrpc]
enabled = true
port = http,https
filter = apache-xmlrpc
logpath = /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log
maxretry = 6
$ fail2ban-regex /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-xmlrpc.conf
Running tests
=============
Use regex file : /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-xmlrpc.conf
Use log file : /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log
Results
=======
Failregex
|- Regular expressions:
| [1] .*:80 <HOST> .*POST .*xmlrpc\.php.*
|
`- Number of matches:
[1] 29 match(es)
Ignoreregex
|- Regular expressions:
|
`- Number of matches:
Summary
=======
Addresses found:
[1]
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:52 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:53 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:55 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:56 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:57 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:58 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:41:59 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:00 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:02 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:03 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:04 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:05 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:06 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:07 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:09 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:10 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:11 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:12 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:13 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:15 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:16 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:17 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:18 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:19 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:20 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:22 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:23 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:24 2013)
80.82.70.239 (Sat Jul 13 02:42:25 2013)
Date template hits:
0 hit(s): MONTH Day Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): WEEKDAY MONTH Day Hour:Minute:Second Year
0 hit(s): WEEKDAY MONTH Day Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Year/Month/Day Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Day/Month/Year Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Day/Month/Year Hour:Minute:Second
70 hit(s): Day/MONTH/Year:Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Month/Day/Year:Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Year-Month-Day Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Year.Month.Day Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): Day-MONTH-Year Hour:Minute:Second[.Millisecond]
0 hit(s): Day-Month-Year Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): TAI64N
0 hit(s): Epoch
0 hit(s): ISO 8601
0 hit(s): Hour:Minute:Second
0 hit(s): <Month/Day/Year@Hour:Minute:Second>
Success, the total number of match is 29
However, look at the above section 'Running tests' which could contain important
information.
Como puede ver, tengo un failregex configurado en un filtro y el filtro está habilitado. Usando fail2ban-regex, el filtro encuentra una coincidencia en el archivo de registro que estoy monitoreando. (En este momento, estoy recibiendo una dirección IP problemática que hace que las pruebas sean bastante fáciles).
Así que ahora reinicio fail2ban y observo que las reglas surten efecto:
$ sudo service fail2ban restart
* Restarting authentication failure monitor fail2ban [ OK ]
$ tail /var/log/fail2ban.log -n 50
2013-07-13 02:42:58,014 fail2ban.server : INFO Stopping all jails
2013-07-13 02:42:58,745 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'apache-xmlrpc' stopped
2013-07-13 02:42:59,439 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' stopped
2013-07-13 02:42:59,440 fail2ban.server : INFO Exiting Fail2ban
2013-07-13 02:43:08,055 fail2ban.server : INFO Changed logging target to /var/log/fail2ban.log for Fail2ban v0.8.6
2013-07-13 02:43:08,057 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'ssh'
2013-07-13 02:43:08,111 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' uses Gamin
2013-07-13 02:43:08,397 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/auth.log
2013-07-13 02:43:08,404 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 6
2013-07-13 02:43:08,414 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600
2013-07-13 02:43:08,435 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600
2013-07-13 02:43:09,277 fail2ban.jail : INFO Creating new jail 'apache-xmlrpc'
2013-07-13 02:43:09,277 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'apache-xmlrpc' uses Gamin
2013-07-13 02:43:09,283 fail2ban.filter : INFO Added logfile = /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log
2013-07-13 02:43:09,286 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set maxRetry = 6
2013-07-13 02:43:09,289 fail2ban.filter : INFO Set findtime = 600
2013-07-13 02:43:09,292 fail2ban.actions: INFO Set banTime = 600
2013-07-13 02:43:09,458 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'ssh' started
2013-07-13 02:43:09,792 fail2ban.jail : INFO Jail 'apache-xmlrpc' started
2013-07-13 02:43:11,361 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] Ban 80.82.70.239
$ sudo iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
244 39277 fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 multiport dports 80,443
101 7716 fail2ban-ssh tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 multiport dports 22
0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
3404 582K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
349 20900 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80
0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443
12 720 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
2 80 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 5/min burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix "iptables denied: "
2 80 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
3331 4393K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DROP all -- * * 80.82.70.239 0.0.0.0/0
244 39277 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain fail2ban-ssh (1 references)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DROP all -- * * 223.4.147.8 0.0.0.0/0
101 7716 RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Como muestra el registro de fail2ban, el conjunto de reglas parece estar configurado correctamente. Ya puede ver que la dirección IP problemática está siendo detectada de inmediato y prohibida. El resultado de iptables muestra que, de hecho, se está descartando.
Sin embargo, ya estoy observando que no hay paquetes descartados para esa dirección IP que coincida con la cadena fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc. Efectivamente, reviso los registros de apache:
$ tail /var/log/apache2/other_vhosts_access.log
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:53 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:54 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:56 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:57 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:58 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:43:59 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:44:00 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
www.--SNIP--.com:80 80.82.70.239 - - [13/Jul/2013:02:44:02 +0000] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1" 403 474 "-" "-"
¡No, no se está bloqueando! También puedo confirmar esto en el registro fail2ban:
$ tail /var/log/fail2ban.log
2013-07-13 02:52:30,757 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:52:37,767 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:52:44,783 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:52:51,814 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:52:58,830 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:53:05,842 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:53:11,858 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] Unban 80.82.70.239
2013-07-13 02:53:12,910 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] Ban 80.82.70.239
2013-07-13 02:53:20,118 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
2013-07-13 02:53:27,129 fail2ban.actions: WARNING [apache-xmlrpc] 80.82.70.239 already banned
Sigue apareciendo en el registro de Apache y, por lo tanto, fail2ban intenta seguir prohibiéndolo.
Honestamente, no puedo entender de por vida por qué iptables no está eliminando el tráfico de esta dirección IP. El orden de las reglas me parece correcto, con el DROP antes que nada.
Tengo un montón de resultados en Google donde las personas tienen un problema similar, pero siempre parece volver a un problema que prohíbe el tráfico SSH donde se encuentran en un puerto no estándar. En mi caso, solo estoy tratando de prohibir una dirección IP en el puerto http 80 estándar.
Espero estar pasando por alto algo increíblemente simple. Este es un VPS que ejecuta Ubuntu 12.04 en Linode. Si alguien tiene alguna idea, hágamelo saber. Muchas gracias...
EDITAR : Aquí está la salida deiptables -S
$ sudo iptables -S
-P INPUT ACCEPT
-P FORWARD ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-N fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc
-N fail2ban-ssh
-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc
-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 22 -j fail2ban-ssh
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7
-A INPUT -j DROP
-A FORWARD -j DROP
-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT
-A fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc -s 80.82.70.239/32 -j DROP
-A fail2ban-apache-xmlrpc -j RETURN
-A fail2ban-ssh -s 223.4.147.8/32 -j DROP
-A fail2ban-ssh -j RETURN
iptables -S
. Avísame si eso te da más información.
So now I restart fail2ban and observe the rules taking effect:
bloque
iptables -s
puede ser más útil para nosotros que el formato deiptables -L