La forma común de calcular la similitud entre dos cadenas de una manera 0% -100% , como se usa en muchas bibliotecas, es medir cuánto (en%) tendrías que cambiar la cadena más larga para convertirla en la más corta:
/**
* Calculates the similarity (a number within 0 and 1) between two strings.
*/
public static double similarity(String s1, String s2) {
String longer = s1, shorter = s2;
if (s1.length() < s2.length()) { // longer should always have greater length
longer = s2; shorter = s1;
}
int longerLength = longer.length();
if (longerLength == 0) { return 1.0; /* both strings are zero length */ }
return (longerLength - editDistance(longer, shorter)) / (double) longerLength;
}
// you can use StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance() as the editDistance() function
// full copy-paste working code is below
Calcular el editDistance():
Se editDistance()espera que la función anterior calcule la distancia de edición entre las dos cadenas. Hay varias implementaciones para este paso, cada una puede adaptarse mejor a un escenario específico. El más común es el algoritmo de distancia de Levenshtein y lo usaremos en nuestro ejemplo a continuación (para cadenas muy grandes, es probable que otros algoritmos funcionen mejor).
Aquí hay dos opciones para calcular la distancia de edición:
Ejemplo de trabajo:
Vea la demostración en línea aquí.
public class StringSimilarity {
/**
* Calculates the similarity (a number within 0 and 1) between two strings.
*/
public static double similarity(String s1, String s2) {
String longer = s1, shorter = s2;
if (s1.length() < s2.length()) { // longer should always have greater length
longer = s2; shorter = s1;
}
int longerLength = longer.length();
if (longerLength == 0) { return 1.0; /* both strings are zero length */ }
/* // If you have Apache Commons Text, you can use it to calculate the edit distance:
LevenshteinDistance levenshteinDistance = new LevenshteinDistance();
return (longerLength - levenshteinDistance.apply(longer, shorter)) / (double) longerLength; */
return (longerLength - editDistance(longer, shorter)) / (double) longerLength;
}
// Example implementation of the Levenshtein Edit Distance
// See http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance#Java
public static int editDistance(String s1, String s2) {
s1 = s1.toLowerCase();
s2 = s2.toLowerCase();
int[] costs = new int[s2.length() + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= s1.length(); i++) {
int lastValue = i;
for (int j = 0; j <= s2.length(); j++) {
if (i == 0)
costs[j] = j;
else {
if (j > 0) {
int newValue = costs[j - 1];
if (s1.charAt(i - 1) != s2.charAt(j - 1))
newValue = Math.min(Math.min(newValue, lastValue),
costs[j]) + 1;
costs[j - 1] = lastValue;
lastValue = newValue;
}
}
}
if (i > 0)
costs[s2.length()] = lastValue;
}
return costs[s2.length()];
}
public static void printSimilarity(String s, String t) {
System.out.println(String.format(
"%.3f is the similarity between \"%s\" and \"%s\"", similarity(s, t), s, t));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
printSimilarity("", "");
printSimilarity("1234567890", "1");
printSimilarity("1234567890", "123");
printSimilarity("1234567890", "1234567");
printSimilarity("1234567890", "1234567890");
printSimilarity("1234567890", "1234567980");
printSimilarity("47/2010", "472010");
printSimilarity("47/2010", "472011");
printSimilarity("47/2010", "AB.CDEF");
printSimilarity("47/2010", "4B.CDEFG");
printSimilarity("47/2010", "AB.CDEFG");
printSimilarity("The quick fox jumped", "The fox jumped");
printSimilarity("The quick fox jumped", "The fox");
printSimilarity("kitten", "sitting");
}
}
Salida:
1.000 is the similarity between "" and ""
0.100 is the similarity between "1234567890" and "1"
0.300 is the similarity between "1234567890" and "123"
0.700 is the similarity between "1234567890" and "1234567"
1.000 is the similarity between "1234567890" and "1234567890"
0.800 is the similarity between "1234567890" and "1234567980"
0.857 is the similarity between "47/2010" and "472010"
0.714 is the similarity between "47/2010" and "472011"
0.000 is the similarity between "47/2010" and "AB.CDEF"
0.125 is the similarity between "47/2010" and "4B.CDEFG"
0.000 is the similarity between "47/2010" and "AB.CDEFG"
0.700 is the similarity between "The quick fox jumped" and "The fox jumped"
0.350 is the similarity between "The quick fox jumped" and "The fox"
0.571 is the similarity between "kitten" and "sitting"