Durante algunos trabajos con una lente de enfoque automático, me encontré con este conjunto muy útil de algoritmos para detectar el enfoque de la imagen . Está implementado en MATLAB, pero la mayoría de las funciones son bastante fáciles de portar a OpenCV con filter2D .
Básicamente es una implementación de encuestas de muchos algoritmos de medición de enfoque. Si desea leer los documentos originales, en el código se proporcionan referencias a los autores de los algoritmos. El artículo de 2012 de Pertuz, et al. El análisis de los operadores de medidas de enfoque para la forma desde el foco (SFF) ofrece una excelente revisión de todas estas medidas, así como de su rendimiento (tanto en términos de velocidad como de precisión aplicadas a SFF).
EDITAR: se agregó código MATLAB en caso de que el enlace muera.
function FM = fmeasure(Image, Measure, ROI)
%This function measures the relative degree of focus of
%an image. It may be invoked as:
%
% FM = fmeasure(Image, Method, ROI)
%
%Where
% Image, is a grayscale image and FM is the computed
% focus value.
% Method, is the focus measure algorithm as a string.
% see 'operators.txt' for a list of focus
% measure methods.
% ROI, Image ROI as a rectangle [xo yo width heigth].
% if an empty argument is passed, the whole
% image is processed.
%
% Said Pertuz
% Abr/2010
if ~isempty(ROI)
Image = imcrop(Image, ROI);
end
WSize = 15; % Size of local window (only some operators)
switch upper(Measure)
case 'ACMO' % Absolute Central Moment (Shirvaikar2004)
if ~isinteger(Image), Image = im2uint8(Image);
end
FM = AcMomentum(Image);
case 'BREN' % Brenner's (Santos97)
[M N] = size(Image);
DH = Image;
DV = Image;
DH(1:M-2,:) = diff(Image,2,1);
DV(:,1:N-2) = diff(Image,2,2);
FM = max(DH, DV);
FM = FM.^2;
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'CONT' % Image contrast (Nanda2001)
ImContrast = inline('sum(abs(x(:)-x(5)))');
FM = nlfilter(Image, [3 3], ImContrast);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'CURV' % Image Curvature (Helmli2001)
if ~isinteger(Image), Image = im2uint8(Image);
end
M1 = [-1 0 1;-1 0 1;-1 0 1];
M2 = [1 0 1;1 0 1;1 0 1];
P0 = imfilter(Image, M1, 'replicate', 'conv')/6;
P1 = imfilter(Image, M1', 'replicate', 'conv')/6;
P2 = 3*imfilter(Image, M2, 'replicate', 'conv')/10 ...
-imfilter(Image, M2', 'replicate', 'conv')/5;
P3 = -imfilter(Image, M2, 'replicate', 'conv')/5 ...
+3*imfilter(Image, M2, 'replicate', 'conv')/10;
FM = abs(P0) + abs(P1) + abs(P2) + abs(P3);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'DCTE' % DCT energy ratio (Shen2006)
FM = nlfilter(Image, [8 8], @DctRatio);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'DCTR' % DCT reduced energy ratio (Lee2009)
FM = nlfilter(Image, [8 8], @ReRatio);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'GDER' % Gaussian derivative (Geusebroek2000)
N = floor(WSize/2);
sig = N/2.5;
[x,y] = meshgrid(-N:N, -N:N);
G = exp(-(x.^2+y.^2)/(2*sig^2))/(2*pi*sig);
Gx = -x.*G/(sig^2);Gx = Gx/sum(Gx(:));
Gy = -y.*G/(sig^2);Gy = Gy/sum(Gy(:));
Rx = imfilter(double(Image), Gx, 'conv', 'replicate');
Ry = imfilter(double(Image), Gy, 'conv', 'replicate');
FM = Rx.^2+Ry.^2;
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'GLVA' % Graylevel variance (Krotkov86)
FM = std2(Image);
case 'GLLV' %Graylevel local variance (Pech2000)
LVar = stdfilt(Image, ones(WSize,WSize)).^2;
FM = std2(LVar)^2;
case 'GLVN' % Normalized GLV (Santos97)
FM = std2(Image)^2/mean2(Image);
case 'GRAE' % Energy of gradient (Subbarao92a)
Ix = Image;
Iy = Image;
Iy(1:end-1,:) = diff(Image, 1, 1);
Ix(:,1:end-1) = diff(Image, 1, 2);
FM = Ix.^2 + Iy.^2;
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'GRAT' % Thresholded gradient (Snatos97)
Th = 0; %Threshold
Ix = Image;
Iy = Image;
Iy(1:end-1,:) = diff(Image, 1, 1);
Ix(:,1:end-1) = diff(Image, 1, 2);
FM = max(abs(Ix), abs(Iy));
FM(FM<Th)=0;
FM = sum(FM(:))/sum(sum(FM~=0));
case 'GRAS' % Squared gradient (Eskicioglu95)
Ix = diff(Image, 1, 2);
FM = Ix.^2;
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'HELM' %Helmli's mean method (Helmli2001)
MEANF = fspecial('average',[WSize WSize]);
U = imfilter(Image, MEANF, 'replicate');
R1 = U./Image;
R1(Image==0)=1;
index = (U>Image);
FM = 1./R1;
FM(index) = R1(index);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'HISE' % Histogram entropy (Krotkov86)
FM = entropy(Image);
case 'HISR' % Histogram range (Firestone91)
FM = max(Image(:))-min(Image(:));
case 'LAPE' % Energy of laplacian (Subbarao92a)
LAP = fspecial('laplacian');
FM = imfilter(Image, LAP, 'replicate', 'conv');
FM = mean2(FM.^2);
case 'LAPM' % Modified Laplacian (Nayar89)
M = [-1 2 -1];
Lx = imfilter(Image, M, 'replicate', 'conv');
Ly = imfilter(Image, M', 'replicate', 'conv');
FM = abs(Lx) + abs(Ly);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'LAPV' % Variance of laplacian (Pech2000)
LAP = fspecial('laplacian');
ILAP = imfilter(Image, LAP, 'replicate', 'conv');
FM = std2(ILAP)^2;
case 'LAPD' % Diagonal laplacian (Thelen2009)
M1 = [-1 2 -1];
M2 = [0 0 -1;0 2 0;-1 0 0]/sqrt(2);
M3 = [-1 0 0;0 2 0;0 0 -1]/sqrt(2);
F1 = imfilter(Image, M1, 'replicate', 'conv');
F2 = imfilter(Image, M2, 'replicate', 'conv');
F3 = imfilter(Image, M3, 'replicate', 'conv');
F4 = imfilter(Image, M1', 'replicate', 'conv');
FM = abs(F1) + abs(F2) + abs(F3) + abs(F4);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'SFIL' %Steerable filters (Minhas2009)
% Angles = [0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315];
N = floor(WSize/2);
sig = N/2.5;
[x,y] = meshgrid(-N:N, -N:N);
G = exp(-(x.^2+y.^2)/(2*sig^2))/(2*pi*sig);
Gx = -x.*G/(sig^2);Gx = Gx/sum(Gx(:));
Gy = -y.*G/(sig^2);Gy = Gy/sum(Gy(:));
R(:,:,1) = imfilter(double(Image), Gx, 'conv', 'replicate');
R(:,:,2) = imfilter(double(Image), Gy, 'conv', 'replicate');
R(:,:,3) = cosd(45)*R(:,:,1)+sind(45)*R(:,:,2);
R(:,:,4) = cosd(135)*R(:,:,1)+sind(135)*R(:,:,2);
R(:,:,5) = cosd(180)*R(:,:,1)+sind(180)*R(:,:,2);
R(:,:,6) = cosd(225)*R(:,:,1)+sind(225)*R(:,:,2);
R(:,:,7) = cosd(270)*R(:,:,1)+sind(270)*R(:,:,2);
R(:,:,7) = cosd(315)*R(:,:,1)+sind(315)*R(:,:,2);
FM = max(R,[],3);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'SFRQ' % Spatial frequency (Eskicioglu95)
Ix = Image;
Iy = Image;
Ix(:,1:end-1) = diff(Image, 1, 2);
Iy(1:end-1,:) = diff(Image, 1, 1);
FM = mean2(sqrt(double(Iy.^2+Ix.^2)));
case 'TENG'% Tenengrad (Krotkov86)
Sx = fspecial('sobel');
Gx = imfilter(double(Image), Sx, 'replicate', 'conv');
Gy = imfilter(double(Image), Sx', 'replicate', 'conv');
FM = Gx.^2 + Gy.^2;
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'TENV' % Tenengrad variance (Pech2000)
Sx = fspecial('sobel');
Gx = imfilter(double(Image), Sx, 'replicate', 'conv');
Gy = imfilter(double(Image), Sx', 'replicate', 'conv');
G = Gx.^2 + Gy.^2;
FM = std2(G)^2;
case 'VOLA' % Vollath's correlation (Santos97)
Image = double(Image);
I1 = Image; I1(1:end-1,:) = Image(2:end,:);
I2 = Image; I2(1:end-2,:) = Image(3:end,:);
Image = Image.*(I1-I2);
FM = mean2(Image);
case 'WAVS' %Sum of Wavelet coeffs (Yang2003)
[C,S] = wavedec2(Image, 1, 'db6');
H = wrcoef2('h', C, S, 'db6', 1);
V = wrcoef2('v', C, S, 'db6', 1);
D = wrcoef2('d', C, S, 'db6', 1);
FM = abs(H) + abs(V) + abs(D);
FM = mean2(FM);
case 'WAVV' %Variance of Wav...(Yang2003)
[C,S] = wavedec2(Image, 1, 'db6');
H = abs(wrcoef2('h', C, S, 'db6', 1));
V = abs(wrcoef2('v', C, S, 'db6', 1));
D = abs(wrcoef2('d', C, S, 'db6', 1));
FM = std2(H)^2+std2(V)+std2(D);
case 'WAVR'
[C,S] = wavedec2(Image, 3, 'db6');
H = abs(wrcoef2('h', C, S, 'db6', 1));
V = abs(wrcoef2('v', C, S, 'db6', 1));
D = abs(wrcoef2('d', C, S, 'db6', 1));
A1 = abs(wrcoef2('a', C, S, 'db6', 1));
A2 = abs(wrcoef2('a', C, S, 'db6', 2));
A3 = abs(wrcoef2('a', C, S, 'db6', 3));
A = A1 + A2 + A3;
WH = H.^2 + V.^2 + D.^2;
WH = mean2(WH);
WL = mean2(A);
FM = WH/WL;
otherwise
error('Unknown measure %s',upper(Measure))
end
end
%************************************************************************
function fm = AcMomentum(Image)
[M N] = size(Image);
Hist = imhist(Image)/(M*N);
Hist = abs((0:255)-255*mean2(Image))'.*Hist;
fm = sum(Hist);
end
%******************************************************************
function fm = DctRatio(M)
MT = dct2(M).^2;
fm = (sum(MT(:))-MT(1,1))/MT(1,1);
end
%************************************************************************
function fm = ReRatio(M)
M = dct2(M);
fm = (M(1,2)^2+M(1,3)^2+M(2,1)^2+M(2,2)^2+M(3,1)^2)/(M(1,1)^2);
end
%******************************************************************
Algunos ejemplos de versiones de OpenCV:
// OpenCV port of 'LAPM' algorithm (Nayar89)
double modifiedLaplacian(const cv::Mat& src)
{
cv::Mat M = (Mat_<double>(3, 1) << -1, 2, -1);
cv::Mat G = cv::getGaussianKernel(3, -1, CV_64F);
cv::Mat Lx;
cv::sepFilter2D(src, Lx, CV_64F, M, G);
cv::Mat Ly;
cv::sepFilter2D(src, Ly, CV_64F, G, M);
cv::Mat FM = cv::abs(Lx) + cv::abs(Ly);
double focusMeasure = cv::mean(FM).val[0];
return focusMeasure;
}
// OpenCV port of 'LAPV' algorithm (Pech2000)
double varianceOfLaplacian(const cv::Mat& src)
{
cv::Mat lap;
cv::Laplacian(src, lap, CV_64F);
cv::Scalar mu, sigma;
cv::meanStdDev(lap, mu, sigma);
double focusMeasure = sigma.val[0]*sigma.val[0];
return focusMeasure;
}
// OpenCV port of 'TENG' algorithm (Krotkov86)
double tenengrad(const cv::Mat& src, int ksize)
{
cv::Mat Gx, Gy;
cv::Sobel(src, Gx, CV_64F, 1, 0, ksize);
cv::Sobel(src, Gy, CV_64F, 0, 1, ksize);
cv::Mat FM = Gx.mul(Gx) + Gy.mul(Gy);
double focusMeasure = cv::mean(FM).val[0];
return focusMeasure;
}
// OpenCV port of 'GLVN' algorithm (Santos97)
double normalizedGraylevelVariance(const cv::Mat& src)
{
cv::Scalar mu, sigma;
cv::meanStdDev(src, mu, sigma);
double focusMeasure = (sigma.val[0]*sigma.val[0]) / mu.val[0];
return focusMeasure;
}
No hay garantías de si estas medidas son o no la mejor opción para su problema, pero si rastrea los documentos asociados con estas medidas, pueden darle más información. ¡Espero que encuentres útil el código! Sé que lo hice.
