Esta función va más allá de otras respuestas de dos maneras:
Intenta generar colores lo más distintos posible al encontrar qué color de 20 intentos tiene la distancia euclidiana más lejana de los otros en el cono HSV
Le permite restringir el tono, la saturación o el rango de valores, pero aún intenta elegir colores lo más distintos posible dentro de ese rango.
No es súper eficiente, pero para valores razonables (¿quién podría incluso separar 100 colores fácilmente?) Es lo suficientemente rápido.
Ver JSFiddle
/**
* Generates a random palette of HSV colors. Attempts to pick colors
* that are as distinct as possible within the desired HSV range.
*
* @param {number} [options.numColors=10] - the number of colors to generate
* @param {number[]} [options.hRange=[0,1]] - the maximum range for generated hue
* @param {number[]} [options.sRange=[0,1]] - the maximum range for generated saturation
* @param {number[]} [options.vRange=[0,1]] - the maximum range for generated value
* @param {number[][]}[options.exclude=[[0,0,0],[0,0,1]]] - colors to exclude
*
* @returns {number[][]} an array of HSV colors (each HSV color
* is a [hue, saturation, value] array)
*/
function randomHSVPalette(options) {
function random(min, max) {
return min + Math.random() * (max - min);
}
function HSVtoXYZ(hsv) {
var h = hsv[0];
var s = hsv[1];
var v = hsv[2];
var angle = h * Math.PI * 2;
return [Math.sin(angle) * s * v,
Math.cos(angle) * s * v,
v];
}
function distSq(a, b) {
var dx = a[0] - b[0];
var dy = a[1] - b[1];
var dz = a[2] - b[2];
return dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz;
}
if (!options) {
options = {};
}
var numColors = options.numColors || 10;
var hRange = options.hRange || [0, 1];
var sRange = options.sRange || [0, 1];
var vRange = options.vRange || [0, 1];
var exclude = options.exclude || [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]];
var points = exclude.map(HSVtoXYZ);
var result = [];
while (result.length < numColors) {
var bestHSV;
var bestXYZ;
var bestDist = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
var hsv = [random(hRange[0], hRange[1]), random(sRange[0], sRange[1]), random(vRange[0], vRange[1])];
var xyz = HSVtoXYZ(hsv);
var minDist = 10;
points.forEach(function(point) {
minDist = Math.min(minDist, distSq(xyz, point));
});
if (minDist > bestDist) {
bestHSV = hsv;
bestXYZ = xyz;
bestDist = minDist;
}
}
points.push(bestXYZ);
result.push(bestHSV);
}
return result;
}
function HSVtoRGB(hsv) {
var h = hsv[0];
var s = hsv[1];
var v = hsv[2];
var i = ~~(h * 6);
var f = h * 6 - i;
var p = v * (1 - s);
var q = v * (1 - f * s);
var t = v * (1 - (1 - f) * s);
v = ~~(255 * v);
p = ~~(255 * p);
q = ~~(255 * q);
t = ~~(255 * t);
switch (i % 6) {
case 0: return [v, t, p];
case 1: return [q, v, p];
case 2: return [p, v, t];
case 3: return [p, q, v];
case 4: return [t, p, v];
case 5: return [v, p, q];
}
}
function RGBtoCSS(rgb) {
var r = rgb[0];
var g = rgb[1];
var b = rgb[2];
var rgb = (r << 16) + (g << 8) + b;
return '#' + ('000000' + rgb.toString(16)).slice(-6);
}