Quizás lo que se volvió más lento es futex, el componente básico de las variables de condición. Esto arrojará algo de luz:
strace -r ./test_latency 0 1 &> test_latency_strace & sleep 8 && killall test_latency
luego
for i in futex nanosleep rt_sig;do echo $i;grep $i test_latency_strace | sort -rn;done
que mostrará los microsegundos tomados para las llamadas al sistema interesantes, ordenados por tiempo.
En el kernel 2.6.32
$ for i in futex nanosleep rt_sig;do echo $i;grep $i test_latency_strace | sort -rn;done
futex
1.000140 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000129 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000124 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000119 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000106 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000103 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000102 futex(0x601ac4, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601ac0, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
0.000125 futex(0x7f98ce4c0b88, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 2147483647) = 0
0.000042 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000038 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000037 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000030 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000029 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
0.000028 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000027 futex(0x601b00, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000018 futex(0x7fff82f0ec3c, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 0
nanosleep
0.000027 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000019 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000019 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000018 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000018 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000018 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
0.000018 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff82f0eb40) = ? ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK (To be restarted)
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, {1, 0}) = 0
rt_sig
0.000045 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000040 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000038 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000035 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000034 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000033 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000032 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000032 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000031 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000031 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000028 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000028 rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x37f8c052b0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x37f8c0e4c0}, NULL, 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x37f8c05370, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x37f8c0e4c0}, NULL, 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000025 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000025 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000023 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000023 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000022 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000022 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000019 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
En el kernel 3.1.9
$ for i in futex nanosleep rt_sig;do echo $i;grep $i test_latency_strace | sort -rn;done
futex
1.000129 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000126 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000122 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000115 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000114 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000112 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
1.000109 futex(0x601764, FUTEX_WAKE_OP_PRIVATE, 1, 1, 0x601760, {FUTEX_OP_SET, 0, FUTEX_OP_CMP_GT, 1}) = 1
0.000139 futex(0x3f8b8f2fb0, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 2147483647) = 0
0.000043 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000041 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000037 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000036 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000034 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
0.000034 futex(0x601720, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1
nanosleep
0.000025 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000022 nanosleep({1, 0}, {0, 3925413}) = ? ERESTART_RESTARTBLOCK (Interrupted by signal)
0.000021 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
0.000017 nanosleep({1, 0}, 0x7fff70091d00) = 0
rt_sig
0.000045 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000044 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000043 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000040 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000038 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000037 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000036 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000036 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000035 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000035 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000035 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000035 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000034 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000031 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000027 rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x3f892067b0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x3f8920f500}, NULL, 8) = 0
0.000026 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000026 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000025 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000024 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000023 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000023 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [CHLD], [], 8) = 0
0.000022 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
0.000021 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, NULL, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
0.000019 rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x3f89206720, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x3f8920f500}, NULL, 8) = 0
Encontré este informe de error de hace 5 años que contiene una prueba de rendimiento de "ping pong" que compara
- mutex libpthread de un solo subproceso
- variable de condición libpthread
- señales viejas simples de Unix
Tuve que agregar
#include <stdint.h>
para compilar, lo que hice con este comando
g++ -O3 -o condvar-perf condvar-perf.cpp -lpthread -lrt
En el kernel 2.6.32
$ ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 29085 us; per iteration: 29 ns / 9.4e-05 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 4771993 us; per iteration: 4771 ns / 4.03 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 8685423 us; per iteration: 8685 ns / 4.05 context switches.
En el kernel 3.1.9
$ ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 26811 us; per iteration: 26 ns / 8e-06 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 10930794 us; per iteration: 10930 ns / 4.01 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 10949670 us; per iteration: 10949 ns / 4.01 context switches.
Concluyo que entre el kernel 2.6.32 y 3.1.9 el cambio de contexto se ha ralentizado, aunque no tanto como se observa en el kernel 3.2. Me doy cuenta de que esto aún no responde a su pregunta, seguiré investigando.
Editar: Descubrí que cambiar la prioridad en tiempo real del proceso (ambos subprocesos) mejora el rendimiento en 3.1.9 para que coincida con 2.6.32. Sin embargo, establecer la misma prioridad en 2.6.32 lo ralentiza ... imagínate, lo investigaré más.
Aquí están mis resultados ahora:
En el kernel 2.6.32
$ ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 29629 us; per iteration: 29 ns / 0.000418 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 6225637 us; per iteration: 6225 ns / 4.1 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 5602248 us; per iteration: 5602 ns / 4.09 context switches.
$ chrt -f 1 ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 29049 us; per iteration: 29 ns / 0.000407 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 16131360 us; per iteration: 16131 ns / 4.29 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 11817819 us; per iteration: 11817 ns / 4.16 context switches.
$
En el kernel 3.1.9
$ ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 26830 us; per iteration: 26 ns / 5.7e-05 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 12812788 us; per iteration: 12812 ns / 4.01 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 13126865 us; per iteration: 13126 ns / 4.01 context switches.
$ chrt -f 1 ./condvar-perf 1000000
NPTL
mutex elapsed: 27025 us; per iteration: 27 ns / 3.7e-05 context switches.
c.v. ping-pong test elapsed: 5099885 us; per iteration: 5099 ns / 4 context switches.
signal ping-pong test elapsed: 5508227 us; per iteration: 5508 ns / 4 context switches.
$
/proc/sys/kernel/*
puede funcionar. Si encuentra algo que funcione, coloque esa configuración/etc/sysctl.conf
o un archivo/etc/sysctl.d/
para que persista entre reinicios.