Pensé que me pondría aquí cuando me haya parecido ON
más útil que USING
. Es cuandoOUTER
uniones se introducen en las consultas.
ON
se beneficia de permitir que el conjunto de resultados de la tabla a la que se OUTER
une una consulta se restrinja mientras se mantiene la OUTER
unión. Intentar restringir los resultados establecidos mediante la especificación de una WHERE
cláusula, efectivamente, cambiará la OUTER
unión en unINNER
unión.
De acuerdo, esto puede ser un caso relativo de esquina. Vale la pena poner por ahí aunque .....
Por ejemplo:
CREATE TABLE country (
countryId int(10) unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
country varchar(50) not null,
UNIQUE KEY countryUIdx1 (country)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
insert into country(country) values ("France");
insert into country(country) values ("China");
insert into country(country) values ("USA");
insert into country(country) values ("Italy");
insert into country(country) values ("UK");
insert into country(country) values ("Monaco");
CREATE TABLE city (
cityId int(10) unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
countryId int(10) unsigned not null,
city varchar(50) not null,
hasAirport boolean not null default true,
UNIQUE KEY cityUIdx1 (countryId,city),
CONSTRAINT city_country_fk1 FOREIGN KEY (countryId) REFERENCES country (countryId)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (1,"Paris",true);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (2,"Bejing",true);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (3,"New York",true);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (4,"Napoli",true);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (5,"Manchester",true);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (5,"Birmingham",false);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (3,"Cincinatti",false);
insert into city (countryId,city,hasAirport) values (6,"Monaco",false);
-- Gah. Left outer join is now effectively an inner join
-- because of the where predicate
select *
from country left join city using (countryId)
where hasAirport
;
-- Hooray! I can see Monaco again thanks to
-- moving my predicate into the ON
select *
from country co left join city ci on (co.countryId=ci.countryId and ci.hasAirport)
;