Cisco tiene algo que ellos llaman Diseños Validados de Cisco (CVD). Estos son diseños de red desde diferentes perspectivas como QoS, alta disponibilidad, WAN, etc. que Cisco recomienda y ha probado.
Para QoS tienen 3 diseños diferentes con 4, 8 o 12 clases que se pueden ver en la imagen a continuación.
Comenzando con el modelo de 4 clases:
! This section defines the 4-Class class-maps
! (three are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-any REALTIME
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-any CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network-Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure)
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
! Matches Transactional Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
! Matches Bulk Data on AF1
! This section defines the 4-Class Policy-Map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class REALTIME
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 33
! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 7
! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 35
! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp cs1 60 100
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for CS1/8 to 60 and 100 packets
Como puede ver, coincide con diferentes valores DSCP. DSCP EF se usa generalmente para VoIP. Esto significa que sus paquetes ya deberían haberse marcado lo antes posible en su red. Los valores de ancho de banda se ingresan en porcentaje, lo que significa que la política puede aplicarse en diferentes interfaces de velocidad y aún así proporcionar buenos valores en comparación con ingresarlos en kbit / s. Sin embargo, en interfaces de muy alta velocidad como 10 Gbit, podría ser mucho usar el 7% para controlar el tráfico, ya que eso sería 700 Mbit / s.
Tanto los datos como el valor predeterminado de la clase utilizan la cola justa, que es una forma de poner en cola los paquetes basados en DSCP y el tamaño del paquete para proporcionar una cola justa incluso para flujos de paquetes pequeños. Para poder usar esto, necesita una imagen que admita el Marco de consulta jerárquica (HQF) que es 12.4 (20) T o más reciente.
La detección precoz aleatoria ponderada (WRED) también se aplica para solucionar problemas como la sincronización TCP en la que los flujos TCP se acelerarán y retrocederán al mismo tiempo.
Entonces tienes el modelo de 8 clases.
! This section defines the 8-Class class-maps
! (seven are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config)# class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network Control
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling
Router(config)# class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31 af32 af33
! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3
Router(config)# class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41 af42 af43
! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21 af22 af23
! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11 af12 af13
! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1
Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
! Matches Scavenger
! This section configures the 8-class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 23
! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 5
! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class CRITICAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 24
! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 1
! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
Esta política es más granular para las aplicaciones en tiempo real como video, transmisión y señalización para estos protocolos.
Finalmente este es el modelo de 12 clases.
! This section configures the class-maps
! (eleven class maps are explicitly defined and one is default)
Router(config)# class-map match-all VOICE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp ef
! Matches VoIP
Router(config)# class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs5
! Matches Broadcast Video
Router(config)# class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs4
! Matches Realtime-Interactive
Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs6
! Matches Network Control
Router(config)# class-map match-all SIGNALING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs3
! Matches Signaling
Router(config)# class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs2
! Matches Network Management
Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af41
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af42
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af43
! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af31
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af32
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af33
! Matches Multimedia-Streaming
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af21
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af22
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af23
! Matches Transactional-Data
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-any BULK-DATA
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af11
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af12
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp af13
! Matches Bulk-Data
! One match statement per Drop Precedence increases visibility
Router(config)# class-map match-all SCAVENGER
Router(config-cmap)# match dscp cs1
! Matches Scavenger
! This section configures the 12-Class policy-map
Router(config)# policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS
Router(config-pmap)# class VOICE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BROADCAST-VIDEO
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 10
! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE
Router(config-pmap-c)# priority percent 13
! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-LLQ policy)
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-CONTROL
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SIGNALING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 2
! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 3
! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af41 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF41/34 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af42 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF42/36 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af43 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF43/38 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af31 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF31/26 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af32 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF32/28 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af33 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF33/30 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 10
! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af21 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF21/18 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af22 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF22/20 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af23 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF23/22 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class BULK-DATA
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 4
! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af11 50 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF11/10 to 50 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af12 45 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF12/12 to 45 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp af13 40 64
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for AF13/14 to 40 and 64 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# class SCAVENGER
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 1
! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ
Router(config-pmap-c)# class class-default
Router(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25
! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# fair-queue
! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# queue-limit 128 packets
! Expands queue-limit to 128 packets
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp-based
! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class
Router(config-pmap-c)# random-detect dscp default 100 128
! Tunes WRED min and max drop-thresholds for DF/0 to 100 and 128 packets
Esta política tiene incluso más clases para el tráfico interactivo y también más clases para diferentes tipos de datos y una clase de gestión.
Finalmente, debe aplicar la política a una interfaz como esta.
int gix / x servicio-política de salida WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS
Aquí hay un enlace a WAN QoS CVD.