C ++ TMP (256 caracteres)
#include<cstdio>
#define Y(A,B,C,D)template<int N>struct A<C,D>{enum{v=B};};
#define Z(A)template<int N,int M>struct A{enum{v=
#define n 5194
Z(R)R<N/10,M*10+N%10>::v};};Y(R,N,0,N)Z(S)S<N+M,R<N+M,0>::v>::v};};Y(S,N,N,N)main(){printf("%d",S<n+R<n,0>::v,0>::v);}
Esta versión podría acortarse un poco, pero es difícil dejar pasar una respuesta de 256 caracteres. Aquí hay una versión sin golf:
#include <iostream>
template<size_t N>
class Reverse
{
template<size_t M, size_t R>
struct Inner
{
enum { value = Inner<M/10, R*10 + M%10>::value };
};
template<size_t R>
struct Inner<0, R>
{
enum { value = R };
};
public:
enum { value = Inner<N, 0>::value };
};
template<size_t N>
class OneNineSix
{
template<size_t M, size_t R=Reverse<M>::value>
struct Inner
{
enum { value = OneNineSix<M + R>::value };
};
template<size_t M>
struct Inner<M, M>
{
enum { value = M };
};
public:
enum { value = Inner<N + Reverse<N>::value>::value };
};
int main()
{
const size_t N = 4123;
std::cout << OneNineSix<N>::value << std::endl;
}